HIV Prevalence in Maharashtra | Adult HIV Prevalence Rate

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In 2004, Avert Society & BIRDS started a peer training program to address the problem of HIV/AIDS among vulnerable populations.
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Maharashtra State

Maharashtra is located on the west coast abutting the Arabian Sea stretching from Daman in the north to Goa in the south. It is encircled by the States of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka and falls under the resource development zone called Western plateau & hill regions, based on the agro-climatic features.

Profile

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Features	Characteristics
Socio-cultural units of Maharashtra	Greater Mumbai, Western Maharashtra, Marathwada, Konkan and Vidarbha
Revenue divisions	6
Revenue division headquarters	Navi Mumbai, Nashik, Pune, Aurangabad, Nagpur & Amravati
No. of districts	35 (33 rural, 2 fully urban)
No. of villages	41095
No. of Gram Panchayats	27247
Municipal Corporations	22
Municipal Councils	222 + 7 Cantonment boards
Per capita income	40% higher than all-India average, second highest after Haryana
Per capita income growth	From Rs.7,612 in 1990-91 to Rs.29,204 in 2003-04
Human Development Index (HDI)	Ranked fourth among 15 States in 2001, with HDI value of 0.532
Net sown area	Around 177.32 million hectares, of which only 14.5% is irrigated
Mineral base	Coal, Manganese, Iron ore & Tin mine across Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Bhandara & Nagpur districts
Agro-processing industry	Sugarcane, Cotton, Fruits and Vegetables

Social cultural divisions of Maharashtra

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Division	Districts	Characteristics
Konkan	Mumbai, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg	Districts on the coast where landholdings are small but more or less evenly distributed, no irrigation facilities.
Nashik	Nashik, Dhule, Nandurbar, Jalgaon, Ahmednagar	Large tribal population, large landholdings, high level of landlessness, forests, few fertile tracts, good rainfall.
Pune	Pune, Sangli, Satara, Kolhapur & Solapur	Relatively low rainfall, narrow rain shadow area, small landholdings served by canals and wells.
Aurangabad	Aurangabad, Jalna, Parbhani, Hingoli, Nanded, Osmanabad, Beed & Latur	Culturally tied as all are from erstwhile State of Hyderabad, rocky and dry with low and uncertain rainfall, large landholdings, some landlessness.
Amravati	Buldhana, Akola, Amravati, Wardha, Yavatmal	Plateau area with deep black soils, assured rainfall, medium to large landholdings, high levels of landlessness.
Nagpur	Bhandara, Gondiya, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli	Plateau area with deep black soils, assured rainfall, medium to large landholdings, high levels of landlessness and large tribal population and forest cover.

Demographics

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Characteristics	Details
Population	9.69 crore; 9.4% of total population of India; second largest state after Uttar Pradesh
Growth from 1991-2001	22.7%; 2.07% lesser than the growth in the earlier decade.
Population density	315, slightly higher than that for India, viz. 313
Urban population	Country’s largest, about 43 persons out of every 100 living in towns and cities.
Schedule caste population	98.82 lakh, comprising 8.9 % of total population
Schedule tribe population	85.77 lakh, comprising 10.2 % of total population
Migrant population	32.32 lakh persons (3.34 %) from other States in India and 0.48 lakh persons (0.05 %) from other countries.
Reasons for Immigration from other states	Employment - 42.2 %, Education - 2.3 %, Marriage - 14.5 %, Moved after Birth - 6.6 %, Moved with Households - 24.9 %, Other Reasons - 8.6 %
Social development indicators (1991-2001)	Literacy and Infant Mortality rate, second after Kerala; literacy rate for males increased from 49 % to 86 %; amongst females increased over three times, from 20 % to 68 %. Overall 12 % increase in literacy from 64.9 % to 76.9 %. Infant Mortality rate in Maharashtra in 2007 - 35.5 %; a 13% reduction from 1999. Marginal reduction in birth rate from 19.9 (2003) to 18.5 (2007); and in the death rate from 7.2 (2003) to 6.7 (2007).
Sex ratio	A sensitive indicator of development declined to 922 in 2001 from 934 in 1991. In case of children from 0 to 6 - 913 (2001 Census), thereby indicating gender bias and poor status of women in the State. Higher in Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes at 952 and 973, respectively.
Fertility rate - women	Fertility rate in Maharashtra - 2.1. As per Census 2001, among 4.65 crore women, number of ever married - 2.66 crore i.e. 57.2 %. Of these 0.63 lakh (0.23) women are below 15 years; with 9.1 % and 15.6 % with one and two children, respectively.

Demographic, socio-economic and health profile of Maharashtra

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Item	Maharashtra	India
Total population - Census 2001 (in million)	96.88	1028.61
Decadal Growth (Census 2001)	22.73%	21.54%
Crude Birth Rate (SRS 2007)	18.1	23.1
Crude Death Rate (SRS 2007)	6.6	7.4
Total Fertility Rate (NFHS-III)	2.1	2.7
Infant Mortality Rate (SRS 2007)	34	55
Maternal Mortality Ratio (SRS 2001 - 2003)	149	301
Sex Ratio (Census 2001)	922	933
Population below Poverty line	25.02%	26.10%
Schedule Caste population (in million)	9.88	166.64
Schedule Tribe population (in million)	8.58	84.33
Female Literacy Rate (Census 2001)	67.0%	53.7%

Epidemic scenario of HIV/AIDS in Maharashtra

The epidemic of HIV/AIDS was more concentrated in Southern and North-Eastern States which spread rapidly among the people with high risk behavior. However gradually over the years the infection has spread through the ‘bridge population’ even to the general population. Maharashtra is one of the five high prevalence states in the country with 32 districts under Category A and the remaining 3 under Category C.

HIV Prevalence in Maharashtra

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Details	Prevalence
Rural prevalence	0.25
Urban prevalence	0.75
IDU prevalence	24.40
MSM prevalence	11.80
FSW prevalence	17.91
STD clinics	11.62
(Source: HIV Sentinel Surveillance 2007, NACO)

The adult HIV prevalence rate in Maharashtra shows a declining trend from 1.08 % in 2002 to 0.67 % in 2007.

The total estimated number of HIV positive persons is around 4.62 lakh, which accounts for 20 % of the total estimated HIV infected persons in the country and second highest after Andhra Pradesh with 4.85 lakh HIV positive persons (21 %).

Districts in Maharashtra with prevalence of more than 1, 2 & 3%*

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Prevalence	Number of districts
> 1 % & < 2 %	13
> 2 % and < 3 %	4
> 3 %	1
*Source: HSS Sentinel Surveillance 2007

Maharashtra State

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